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Message: [QUOTE="Lethalthreat7.3, post: 1210189, member: 10651"] Ja cain, i understand exactly what you are talking about. One of my mos' was 72e trained using cold-war era equipment. Do you remember the old "Tripoli" commo we tried to use in the 80's. I was just trying to explain the function of the various switches( and how a couple worked as an example) A lot being tossed around and can some to get very confused. Yes, through "inductance", an amperage clamp measures the current traveling through the wire. A single strand of wire can carry 12v but won't carry current/amperage.m As resistance increases because of corroded cables in this case, it causes an increase in amperage or "pressure" which equals heat. This takes its toll on EVERYTHING. In this case the wire is so corroded it caused smoke. I always try using the example of a garden hose. Voltage is the same as flow. If you have a trickle or full flow the fluid(voltage) is moving from point A to point B, the circuit. A trickle will still get you wet but won't really do anything(a single strand will carry voltage but not amperage) Pressure (amperage) builds in the hose(wire) trying to supply the volume required to power the device or component. Hoses are sized according to flow capacity, say using gpm to give the required "volume". The volume can be change depending on pressure. Wires are sized to to deliver the required Volume/Current( amperage/pressure ) to a component. If you try to "draw" to much through an under sized wire it gets hot and something burns up,( fuse, relay, terminal component).Think of a hose that is undersized but you crank the pressure up trying to compensate for it to try and obtain the needed volume, "Pop" hose blows (fuse blows/circuit burns). Corrosion built up inside a cable is like stuffing twigs inside your garden hose but still trying to get the same flow. With corrosion (resistance) and electricity, heat is produced due to the increased pressure(amperage) created as the component still demands its current to operate.(fuse pops/something burns). This is what occurred when the "battery cable" information was given. Resistance created through bad conductivity of signals from sensors wether it be corrosion, loose pins or frayed wires can cause erroneous readings and the pcm functions based on inputs. Knowing this, resistance can change the signal being returned to the pcm which programs accordingly. So as an example(not to ANY scale), lets say the engine is actually at 100*, the sensor changes resistance depending on temperature which changes the signal output sent to the pcm. If the sensor returns a signal saying the engine is 200* because of a bad sensor or increased resistance because of corrosion or loose pin, that changes timing, soi or sets codes due to conflict of others sensors or "out of range". So in this scenario the pcm thinks the engine is warmed up but its really cold and injection timing and pw are incorrect due to the incorrect input. I get long winded but just try to help or teach anyone. Most programming is pretty sound but ALL are based on inputs from engine sensors. The hard part and critical part is to get a sensor to output correctly to give "true" conditions and transmit that signal through all the wiring and connectors to the pcm without changing that signal return reading. If you can can get clean signals, they run smooth, "as programmed". [/QUOTE]